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Clerk of the court
Court official who keeps court records, files pleadings, motions, and judgments, and administers the oath to jurors and witnesses
Hearsay
Second-hand evidence, generally consisting of a witness's testimony that he/she heard someone else say something.
Summons
A notice to the named person that an action has been commenced against him in court and that he is required to appear, on the day named, and answer the complaint.
Mens rea
Literally, "guilty mind." The intent required to commit the crime. One of the two basic requirements, along with the guilty act (actus reus), which constitute a crime.
Appearance
The formal proceeding by which defendant submits to the jurisdiction of the court.
Removal, order of
To send back; For example, an appellate court may remand a case to a lower court for retrial or for some change in disposition.
Allegation
The assertion, declaration, or statement of a party to an action, made in a pleading, establishing what the party expects to prove.
Plaintiff
A person who files a lawsuit.
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